{"id":6200,"date":"2026-08-10T18:36:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T18:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/what-to-do-in-the-event-of-a-dispute-the-steps-that-precede-the-lawsuit\/"},"modified":"2026-08-10T19:28:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T19:28:49","slug":"what-to-do-in-the-event-of-a-dispute-the-steps-that-precede-the-lawsuit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/en\/what-to-do-in-the-event-of-a-dispute-the-steps-that-precede-the-lawsuit\/","title":{"rendered":"What to do in the event of a dispute: the steps that precede the lawsuit"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.abgcj-article{background:#fff;color:#22303f;max-width:1350px;margin:2.5rem auto;padding:3.5rem 4rem;border-radius:10px}.abgcj-article p{font-size:26px!important;line-height:1.62!important;font-weight:400!important;color:#22303f!important;margin:0 0 26px!important}.abgcj-article h1{font-size:52px!important;line-height:1.2!important;font-weight:700!important;color:#0d2440!important;margin:0 0 34px!important}.abgcj-article h2{font-size:40px!important;line-height:1.25!important;font-weight:700!important;color:#0d2440!important;margin:64px 0 22px!important}.abgcj-article h3{font-size:30px!important;line-height:1.3!important;font-weight:700!important;color:#0d2440!important;margin:44px 0 16px!important}.abgcj-article a{color:#1d4ed8!important;text-decoration:underline!important}.abgcj-article table{width:100%!important;border-collapse:collapse!important;margin:30px 0!important}.abgcj-article th,.abgcj-article td{font-size:20px!important;line-height:1.5!important;border:1px solid #d1d5db!important;padding:12px 14px!important;text-align:left!important;vertical-align:top!important;color:#22303f!important}.abgcj-article th{background:#f3f4f6!important;font-weight:700!important}.abgcj-article img{max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;margin:26px 0}@media(max-width:767px){.abgcj-article{padding:1.6rem;margin:1rem auto}.abgcj-article p{font-size:18px!important}.abgcj-article h1{font-size:32px!important}.abgcj-article h2{font-size:26px!important}.abgcj-article h3{font-size:22px!important}.abgcj-article th,.abgcj-article td{font-size:15px!important}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"abgcj-article\">\n<h1>Que faire en cas de litige : les \u00e9tapes qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent la poursuite<\/h1>\n<p>La rupture arrive rarement d&#8217;un coup. Un paiement en retard, un sous-entendu dans un courriel, une garantie qu&#8217;on refuse d&#8217;honorer, et voil\u00e0 le conflit install\u00e9. Savoir que faire en cas de litige, avant m\u00eame de penser au tribunal, change la suite des \u00e9v\u00e9nements bien plus que la qualit\u00e9 du plaidoyer final. Le droit qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois pousse d&#8217;ailleurs dans cette direction : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/fr\/qc\/legis\/lois\/rlrq-c-c-25.01\/derniere\/\">le Code de proc\u00e9dure civile<\/a> impose d\u00e8s son premier article de consid\u00e9rer les modes priv\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends avant de s&#8217;adresser aux tribunaux. Poursuivre n&#8217;est pas la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape d&#8217;un recours au Qu\u00e9bec. C&#8217;est la derni\u00e8re, celle qu&#8217;on choisit quand les autres ont \u00e9chou\u00e9 ou ne conviennent pas.<\/p>\n<h2>Documenter les faits pendant qu&#8217;ils sont frais<\/h2>\n<p>Le premier r\u00e9flexe ne co\u00fbte rien : tout consigner. Rassemblez le contrat, les soumissions, les factures, les \u00e9changes de textos et de courriels, les photos dat\u00e9es, les relev\u00e9s de paiement. Reconstituez une chronologie simple, une page suffit, avec les dates et les gestes de chacun. Les souvenirs s&#8217;\u00e9rodent en quelques mois; les documents, non. Un litige se gagne d&#8217;abord sur la preuve, et la preuve se constitue maintenant, pas la veille de l&#8217;audience.<\/p>\n<p>Ce travail de moine a une seconde vertu, moins \u00e9vidente. Mettre les faits \u00e0 plat vous force \u00e0 distinguer ce que vous savez de ce que vous supposez. Le fournisseur a-t-il vraiment promis la livraison pour mars, ou est-ce ce que vous avez compris? La nuance d\u00e9cidera peut-\u00eatre de l&#8217;issue. Notez aussi les noms des t\u00e9moins potentiels pendant que leurs coordonn\u00e9es sont accessibles. Si le diff\u00e9rend implique une entreprise, v\u00e9rifiez son nom exact au registre des entreprises : r\u00e9clamer \u00e0 la mauvaise entit\u00e9 fait perdre des semaines.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" src=\"https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1.jpg\" alt=\"Rencontre entre un avocat et son client\" class=\"wp-image-6179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/rencontre-avocat-client-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2>Parler d&#8217;abord, \u00e9crire ensuite, formaliser enfin<\/h2>\n<p>L&#8217;escalade a un ordre. Un appel ou une rencontre r\u00e8gle une part surprenante de diff\u00e9rends naissants, surtout quand la relation d&#8217;affaires ou de voisinage doit survivre au conflit. Si l&#8217;\u00e9change verbal ne donne rien, passez \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9crit : un courriel pos\u00e9 qui r\u00e9sume le probl\u00e8me, ce que vous demandez et l&#8217;\u00e9ch\u00e9ance attendue. Cet \u00e9crit servira deux fois, comme tentative de r\u00e8glement et comme trace.<\/p>\n<p>Le registre de ces communications p\u00e8se lourd. Chaque mot \u00e9crit pourra \u00eatre produit en preuve, par vous comme contre vous. Les sarcasmes, les insultes et les aveux impulsifs du type \u00ab je sais que j&#8217;aurais d\u00fb v\u00e9rifier \u00bb survivent tr\u00e8s bien aux ann\u00e9es et r\u00e9apparaissent au pire moment. \u00c9crivez chaque message en imaginant qu&#8217;un juge le lira, parce que c&#8217;est une possibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle.<\/p>\n<p>Vient ensuite la mise en demeure, le geste qui fait basculer le diff\u00e9rend dans le registre formel. Le Code civil exige qu&#8217;elle soit \u00e9crite et qu&#8217;elle laisse au destinataire un d\u00e9lai suffisant pour s&#8217;ex\u00e9cuter. Elle annonce qu&#8217;\u00e0 d\u00e9faut, des recours seront exerc\u00e9s. Beaucoup de d\u00e9biteurs paient \u00e0 ce stade, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce que la lettre d\u00e9montre que vous connaissez le chemin du greffe. Sa r\u00e9daction demande du soin : demande chiffr\u00e9e, faits exacts, aucune menace disproportionn\u00e9e. Une lettre mal calibr\u00e9e peut affaiblir la poursuite qu&#8217;elle annonce, raison pour laquelle une r\u00e9vision par un avocat reste la norme prudente avant l&#8217;envoi.<\/p>\n<h2>R\u00e9gler un diff\u00e9rend sans juge, une option plus fr\u00e9quente qu&#8217;on croit<\/h2>\n<p>La n\u00e9gociation, la m\u00e9diation et l&#8217;arbitrage restent les parents pauvres de la culture juridique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise : selon l&#8217;enqu\u00eate du minist\u00e8re de la Justice de 2021, seulement 43 % des citoyens connaissent ces solutions de rechange aux tribunaux, et 18 % y ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 eu recours. Les chiffres \u00e9tonnent quand on mesure ce que ces m\u00e9canismes offrent. Un m\u00e9diateur neutre aide les parties \u00e0 construire une entente qu&#8217;elles contr\u00f4lent, \u00e0 huis clos, en semaines plut\u00f4t qu&#8217;en ann\u00e9es. Aux petites cr\u00e9ances, la m\u00e9diation ne co\u00fbte rien, le minist\u00e8re assumant jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 3 heures d&#8217;honoraires, et elle est m\u00eame devenue obligatoire pour les r\u00e9clamations de 5 000 $ et moins.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque mode a sa personnalit\u00e9. La n\u00e9gociation directe reste la plus souple et la moins co\u00fbteuse, sans intervenant ext\u00e9rieur. La m\u00e9diation ajoute un tiers neutre qui facilite l&#8217;\u00e9change sans imposer de solution : l&#8217;entente finale appartient aux parties. L&#8217;arbitrage, lui, ressemble davantage \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s priv\u00e9, o\u00f9 un arbitre choisi par les parties tranche de fa\u00e7on contraignante, une formule fr\u00e9quente dans les contrats commerciaux. Entre les trois, le bon choix d\u00e9pend de la relation entre les parties, de la complexit\u00e9 du dossier et du besoin, ou non, d&#8217;une d\u00e9cision ex\u00e9cutoire.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;amiable n&#8217;est pas un aveu de faiblesse, c&#8217;est un calcul. Un proc\u00e8s expose au risque de perdre, aux frais, aux d\u00e9lais et \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 des d\u00e9bats. Une entente n\u00e9goci\u00e9e \u00e9change une victoire hypoth\u00e9tique contre un r\u00e9sultat certain et imm\u00e9diat. Elle ne convient pas \u00e0 tout : face \u00e0 un adversaire de mauvaise foi, devant un principe non n\u00e9gociable ou lorsqu&#8217;un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent doit \u00eatre \u00e9tabli, le tribunal reprend ses droits. La vraie question n&#8217;est pas de savoir si l&#8217;amiable est noble, mais s&#8217;il sert vos int\u00e9r\u00eats dans ce dossier pr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n<h2>Chiffrer les d\u00e9lais et les risques avant de choisir un recours<\/h2>\n<p>Reste l&#8217;arbitrage final, le v\u00f4tre : poursuivre ou non, et o\u00f9. Trois variables dominent ce choix. Le temps d&#8217;abord, puisque le d\u00e9lai pour agir est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de trois ans en mati\u00e8re civile et qu&#8217;il continue de courir pendant les n\u00e9gociations. Le montant ensuite, qui d\u00e9termine le forum : la Division des petites cr\u00e9ances jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 15 000 $, la Cour du Qu\u00e9bec en de\u00e7\u00e0 de 75 000 $, la Cour sup\u00e9rieure au-del\u00e0 de 100 000 $, avec une zone de comp\u00e9tence partag\u00e9e entre les deux. La solvabilit\u00e9 de l&#8217;adversaire enfin, car un jugement contre un d\u00e9biteur insaisissable ne vaut que le papier qui le porte.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00c9tape<\/th>\n<th>Objectif<\/th>\n<th>Geste concret<\/th>\n<th>Pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 \u00e9viter<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Documenter<\/td>\n<td>B\u00e2tir la preuve<\/td>\n<td>Chronologie, contrats, photos, t\u00e9moins<\/td>\n<td>Attendre que les souvenirs s&#8217;effacent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Communiquer<\/td>\n<td>R\u00e9gler t\u00f4t et \u00e0 peu de frais<\/td>\n<td>Appel, puis courriel r\u00e9capitulatif<\/td>\n<td>Les reproches \u00e9crits sous le coup de la col\u00e8re<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mettre en demeure<\/td>\n<td>Formaliser la demande<\/td>\n<td>Lettre \u00e9crite, chiffr\u00e9e, avec d\u00e9lai<\/td>\n<td>Menaces exag\u00e9r\u00e9es ou montant gonfl\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Explorer l&#8217;amiable<\/td>\n<td>\u00c9viter le proc\u00e8s<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e9gociation, m\u00e9diation, arbitrage<\/td>\n<td>Confondre compromis et capitulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V\u00e9rifier les d\u00e9lais<\/td>\n<td>Pr\u00e9server le recours<\/td>\n<td>Situer la prescription applicable<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e9gocier jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 l&#8217;expiration du d\u00e9lai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Choisir le forum<\/td>\n<td>Poursuivre au bon endroit<\/td>\n<td>Comparer seuils et proc\u00e9dures<\/td>\n<td>D\u00e9poser devant un tribunal incomp\u00e9tent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00c9valuer co\u00fbt et enjeu<\/td>\n<td>D\u00e9cider froidement<\/td>\n<td>Chiffrer frais, temps, chances, solvabilit\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Poursuivre par principe \u00e0 perte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>S&#8217;ajoute une arithm\u00e9tique que personne n&#8217;aime faire : combien co\u00fbtera le recours, en argent et en heures, contre ce qu&#8217;il peut rapporter. Une r\u00e9clamation de 6 000 $ qui exige deux ans de d\u00e9marches et des soir\u00e9es de pr\u00e9paration n&#8217;a pas la m\u00eame valeur qu&#8217;une r\u00e9clamation identique r\u00e9gl\u00e9e en m\u00e9diation en six semaines. L&#8217;analyse froide de ce rapport \u00e9vite les poursuites men\u00e9es par orgueil et les abandons dict\u00e9s par la fatigue.<\/p>\n<p>Poser ces variables seul rel\u00e8ve du casse-t\u00eate, et c&#8217;est ici que l&#8217;autodiagnostic prend son sens : un <a href=\"https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/en\/diagnosing-your-dispute\/\">diagnostic de litige en ligne<\/a> structure l&#8217;exercice en questions guid\u00e9es et d\u00e9gage une lecture d&#8217;ensemble de la situation, parmi <a href=\"https:\/\/compagnieabgcj.ca\/en\/tools\/\">d&#8217;autres outils d&#8217;information juridique gratuits<\/a> couvrant la prescription, la mise en demeure ou le choix du tribunal. Ces r\u00e9sultats demeurent de l&#8217;information g\u00e9n\u00e9rale : ils pr\u00e9parent la consultation, mais ne remplacent jamais l&#8217;avis juridique d&#8217;un avocat qui a examin\u00e9 vos documents et votre contexte.<\/p>\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes : que faire en cas de litige<\/h2>\n<h3>Combien de temps ai-je pour agir?<\/h3>\n<p>Le d\u00e9lai de prescription est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de trois ans en mati\u00e8re civile au Qu\u00e9bec, mais des d\u00e9lais plus courts existent selon la nature du recours et l&#8217;identit\u00e9 de la partie adverse. Ni la n\u00e9gociation ni la mise en demeure n&#8217;arr\u00eatent ce compteur. V\u00e9rifiez l&#8217;\u00e9ch\u00e9ance applicable d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du diff\u00e9rend, puis faites-la confirmer par un avocat si la date approche.<\/p>\n<h3>Dois-je envoyer une mise en demeure avant de poursuivre?<\/h3>\n<p>Elle est obligatoire dans certains cas et fortement recommand\u00e9e dans presque tous les autres. Sans elle, un d\u00e9fendeur qui s&#8217;ex\u00e9cute rapidement apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de la poursuite peut vous laisser les frais de justice sur les bras. La lettre offre aussi une derni\u00e8re occasion de r\u00e8glement, ce qui rejoint l&#8217;obligation de consid\u00e9rer les modes priv\u00e9s avant le tribunal.<\/p>\n<h3>La m\u00e9diation est-elle obligatoire au Qu\u00e9bec?<\/h3>\n<p>En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, non : la loi oblige \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer les modes priv\u00e9s de r\u00e8glement, pas \u00e0 les utiliser. L&#8217;exception notable vise les petites cr\u00e9ances, o\u00f9 la m\u00e9diation est devenue obligatoire pour les r\u00e9clamations de 5 000 $ et moins, avec des honoraires de m\u00e9diateur assum\u00e9s par le minist\u00e8re de la Justice. Ailleurs, elle demeure volontaire mais souvent avantageuse.<\/p>\n<h3>Que faire si l&#8217;autre partie ignore toutes mes d\u00e9marches?<\/h3>\n<p>Le silence est une r\u00e9ponse : il signale que le r\u00e8glement volontaire n&#8217;aura pas lieu. Il reste alors \u00e0 \u00e9valuer froidement le recours judiciaire, avec le montant en jeu, les frais pr\u00e9visibles, la solidit\u00e9 de la preuve et la solvabilit\u00e9 de l&#8217;adversaire. C&#8217;est le moment pr\u00e9cis o\u00f9 une consultation avec un avocat rapporte le plus, parce que la d\u00e9cision de poursuivre engage temps et argent.<\/p>\n<p>Un litige bien men\u00e9 ne commence pas au palais de justice. Il commence dans un classeur, se poursuit dans une lettre et se r\u00e8gle, plus souvent qu&#8217;on le pense, autour d&#8217;une table. Ceux qui franchissent ces \u00e9tapes dans l&#8217;ordre arrivent devant le juge avec un dossier construit, ou n&#8217;ont plus besoin d&#8217;y aller.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Documenting, communicating, formal notice, exploring amicable issues: the steps to take in the event of litigation in Quebec before filing a lawsuit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6177,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,92,81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-litigation","category-ia","category-the-law-in-our-lives"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What to do in the event of a dispute: the steps that precede the lawsuit - 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